North Macedonia is an open, export-oriented economy strategically positioned in Southeast Europe, offering investors and exporters preferential access to major regional and European markets. The country continues to strengthen its integration into global value chains through trade liberalization, infrastructure development, and industrial modernization.

External Trade Overview

In recent years, North Macedonia’s total foreign trade has exceeded €18–19 billion annually, reflecting strong participation in international markets.

• Exports account for approximately €7.5–8.5 billion
• Imports account for approximately €10–11 billion
• The trade structure is characterized by a diversified industrial base and increasing value-added exports, particularly in manufacturing and automotive supply chains.

Despite a structural trade deficit, export growth has been steadily increasing, driven by foreign direct investment and integration into European supply networks.

Main Export Products

North Macedonia’s export profile is led by:

• Automotive components and electrical equipment (fastest-growing export segment)
• Metal products, including ferro-nickel and steel
• Textile and apparel products
• Chemical products and industrial catalysts
• Agricultural and food products (in selected categories)

A significant share of exports is generated by companies operating in Technological Industrial Development Zones (TIDZs), which contribute strongly to export competitiveness.

Key Export Markets

The most important export destinations include:

• Germany (largest single export market)
• Serbia
• Bulgaria
• Greece
• Italy and other EU Member States

The European Union remains the dominant trading partner, accounting for more than 70% of total exports.

Imports Structure

Imports are primarily driven by:

• Energy resources (oil, petroleum products, and electricity)
• Industrial raw materials and metals
• Machinery and transport equipment
• Chemical products and pharmaceuticals
• Consumer goods

Key import partners include Germany, the United Kingdom, China, Greece, and Turkey.

Trade Agreements and Market Access

North Macedonia benefits from an extensive network of free trade agreements, providing preferential access to a market of more than 650 million consumers, including:

• Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union
• CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement)
• EFTA (European Free Trade Association)
• Bilateral agreements with Turkey and Ukraine

These agreements enable duty-free or reduced-tariff access to major international markets, significantly enhancing export competitiveness.

Strategic Outlook

North Macedonia continues to position itself as a reliable and cost-competitive manufacturing and export hub in the Western Balkans. Ongoing reforms, EU accession alignment, and investment incentives are expected to further strengthen export performance and trade integration in the coming years.